What are the key parameters reported in a semen analysis?

• A. Volume
• B. Sperm concentration and motility
• C. Morphology and vitality
• D. Volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility (total and progressive), morphology, and vitality

Answer: (D)

Semen analysis is about both how much semen is produced and how well the sperm function. The most complete report includes six key measurements: volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility (total and progressive), morphology, and vitality. Volume reflects how much seminal fluid is in the sample, largely coming from the seminal vesicles and prostate. Sperm concentration tells you how densely packed the sperm are per milliliter. Total sperm count combines concentration with volume to give the overall number of sperm present in the ejaculate. Motility shows how well the sperm move; total motility includes all moving sperm, while progressive motility specifically refers to forward-moving sperm, which are best for fertilization. Morphology assesses the shape and structure of sperm, with higher percentages of normally formed sperm indicating greater fertilizing potential. Vitality indicates the proportion of live sperm, helping distinguish between dead sperm and immotile but live sperm. Together these parameters provide a comprehensive view of semen quality and fertilizing capability. Other measures like pH or liquefaction time may be reported, but the six listed are the core factors used to evaluate fertility.