What does a semen analysis assess?

• A. Sperm count, motility, morphology, and the presence of any infection
• B. Egg quality and ovarian reserve
• C. Uterine lining thickness
• D. Cervical mucus characteristics

Answer: (A)

A semen analysis evaluates the male partner’s fertility potential by examining the semen sample for the main sperm-related factors that influence fertilization. The test looks at sperm count (how many sperm are present), motility (how well they swim and whether they move forward effectively), and morphology (the shape and structure of the sperm, which relates to their ability to fertilize an egg). It also checks for signs of infection or inflammation in the semen, such as white blood cells or abnormal findings, which can impair sperm function. These elements together give a picture of how capable the sperm are of reaching and fertilizing an egg. Female-focused aspects like egg quality or ovarian reserve, uterine lining thickness, or cervical mucus are not evaluated by a semen analysis.