Which genetic abnormality can cause anovulation by limiting ovarian tissue available to produce ova?

• A. Turner syndrome
• B. Klinefelter syndrome
• C. Down syndrome
• D. Triple X syndrome

Answer: (A)

Turner syndrome is the genetic abnormality that leads to gonadal dysgenesis with streak ovaries, meaning the ovaries contain very few follicles. This drastically limits the ovarian reserve, so there aren’t enough oocytes to ovulate, resulting in anovulation and often infertility. In Turner's, loss or dysfunction of one X chromosome disrupts normal ovarian development, producing fibrous, underdeveloped gonads. In contrast, Klinefelter is a male-associated condition with infertility due to azoospermia, Down syndrome is not typically linked to ovarian tissue limitation, and Triple X syndrome can have normal or variably affected ovarian function but does not classically cause the severe ovarian reserve reduction seen in Turner.