Which is a fertility preservation strategy for cancer patients prior to gonadotoxic therapy?

• A. Oocyte or embryo cryopreservation
• B. Sperm banking
• C. Ovarian tissue preservation
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Fertility preservation before gonadotoxic cancer treatment relies on several complementary options, each suited to different patient circumstances. For those who can undergo ovarian stimulation, oocyte or embryo cryopreservation is a well-established approach: eggs are collected after hormonal stimulation and frozen as mature oocytes, or fertilized and frozen as embryos for future use. For males, sperm banking is a quick, reliable way to preserve genetic material for future assisted reproduction. When time is limited, or in prepubertal patients who cannot produce mature eggs or sperm, ovarian tissue preservation offers another route by removing and freezing ovarian tissue for later reimplantation or maturation. Each method has its own timing, feasibility, and cancer-related considerations, so using all applicable options gives the best chance of preserving fertility, making all of the above the most appropriate choice.