Which of the following are common causes of tubal transport problems?

• A. Chronic PID
• B. Ruptured appendix
• C. Abdominal surgery
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Tubal transport problems occur when the fallopian tubes become scarred, blocked, or inflamed in a way that prevents the egg or embryo from moving normally from the ovary toward the uterus. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease repeatedly inflames the tubes, leading to scarring, adhesions, and altered tubal motion that impair transport. If the appendix ruptures, the resulting pelvic infection can spread and cause peritoneal adhesions around the tubes or direct damage to the fimbrial ends, distorting anatomy and hindering movement. Abdominal surgery often leads to pelvic adhesions as part of the healing process, which can tether or kink the tubes and distort their opening, again interfering with transport. Since each scenario can contribute to tubal dysfunction, all of these are common causes of tubal transport problems.