Which of the following is a common factor contributing to female infertility?

• A. Anovulation.
• B. Excessive athletic performance.
• C. High calcium intake.
• D. Hyperglycemia.

Answer: (A)

The main concept is that ovulation is essential for female fertility. If ovulation does not occur, there is no release of a mature egg for fertilization, so conception cannot happen. In most cases of female infertility, problems with ovulation—or ovulatory dysfunction—are a primary contributing factor. When ovulation fails, the menstrual cycle can become irregular or the woman may have amenorrhea, and without an ovulated egg, pregnancy cannot occur even if the rest of the reproductive tract is normal.

Excessive athletic performance can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and lead to anovulation, but this is a specific cause related to energy balance and stress. It’s not as universally implicated as anovulation itself. High calcium intake and hyperglycemia are not established as common direct causes of infertility in the absence of broader metabolic or health issues.