Which pair equally contributes to infertility etiologies?

• A. Female factors and male factors
• B. Female factors and unexplained
• C. Male factors and unexplained
• D. Unexplained and secondary factors

Answer: (A)

Infertility etiologies come from factors in either partner, and male and female factors contribute in roughly equal amounts. This means each partner’s biology can be a primary driver of infertility with similar likelihood, supporting the idea that the pair of male factors and female factors contributes equally to infertility etiologies. When both partners have issues, that’s a combined etiology, but the concept of equal contribution centers on recognizing that problems on either side are common and comparable in impact. Unexplained infertility, while important, represents cases where no definite factor is identified, and secondary infertility refers to difficulties after a previous successful pregnancy—not a pair of equal contributors.