Which statement best describes the role of immune factors in infertility?

• A. They are always the primary cause.
• B. They may play a role in select cases and evaluation is limited.
• C. They are never involved.
• D. They are the sole determinant of ART success.

Answer: (B)

Immune factors can influence fertility, but only in select situations rather than as a universal cause. In some men, antisperm antibodies can affect sperm function or transport, and in some women, immune-related issues can contribute to implantation failure or pregnancy loss. However, the evidence is not strong enough to make routine immune testing a standard part of infertility evaluation, so testing is typically limited to specific scenarios like recurrent pregnancy loss or unexplained implantation failure. Treatments aimed at modulating the immune system are not routinely recommended due to mixed evidence and potential risks. Therefore, the best statement is that immune factors may play a role in select cases and evaluation is limited.